40106701 World Bank Brief English 210961 2026-06-03T04:00:00Z Female labor force participation has been declining, with widening gender gap and new rural-urban disparities, leaving rural women the most economically excluded. This note analyzes the situation of women in the Lao Peoples Democratic Republic (PDR) labor market based on analysis of the Labor Force Survey (LFS) data from 2017 and 2022. Women and Work in Lao PDR : Five Key Takeaways from the 2017 and 2022 Labor Force Survey (LFS) Women and Work in Lao PDR : Five Key Takeaways from the 2017 and 2022 Labor Force Survey (LFS) 099060226232022444 English http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099060226232022444/null 40106438 World Bank Report English 210911 2026-06-02T04:00:00Z In Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR), primary health care (PHC) is the main pathway toward universal health coverage (UHC). Despite progress in maternal and child health, major gaps persist for non-Lao Tai ethnic groups in remote areas, including challenges in accessing maternal care, nutrition services, and safe WASH practices. With support from the World Bank, the Government of Lao PDR has launched the Health and Nutrition Service Access II (HANSA II) Project to strengthen the quality and equity of PHC, particularly for underserved communities. Central to the project, the government has prioritized integrating essential health services - antenatal and postnatal care, immunization, nutrition support, WASH, and family planning - for improved ease of delivery and access to better address the health needs of these remote, disadvantaged communities. This report summarizes qualitative research conducted in two districts of Lao PDR to better understand the needs, beliefs, and barriers experienced by select non-Lao Tai groups (and the community actors who influence them) to improve access to and utilization of quality essential health services. Addressing this challenge called for approaches that can unpack its inherent complexity and point toward practical, implementable solutions fit for purpose and context. The applied Human-centered design (HCD) and systems thinking lens surfaced deeply dependent, multisectoral challenges across nutrition and the environment, social protection, cultural norms and more. It identified key areas requiring concerted intervention, including cultural barriers to the adoption of desired health and nutrition behaviors among the most traditional families (those with distinct challenges and needs within the broader non–Lao-Tai populations), structural issues with outreach programs, and health center readiness to respond to the demand motivated by the outreach programs. Lao PDR Learning Districts : A People-Centered Approach to Service Delivery Lao PDR Learning Districts : A People-Centered Approach to Service Delivery 099060126234597273 English http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099060126234597273/null 40106550 Timilsina, Govinda R. Tran, Chau Hochman.Gal Policy Research Working Paper English WPS11406 2026-06-02T04:00:00Z Viet Nam is committed to reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by 15.8% by 2030 and meeting its net-zero emission target by 2050. The industrial sector, including the power sector, is the primary emitter and its active participation is necessary to achieve the targets. This study uses a stated-preference survey Vietnamese firms to understand their preferences in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The study finds that Vietnamese firms prefer to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions through improving energy efficiency, substituting fossil fuels with non-fossil fuels and changing production processes. The ranking of preferences differs across the size, type, ownership and geographical location of firms. Their willingness to reduce emissions is driven by anticipated future regulations, social image, and global trends. They consider the lack of finance to be the main barrier to investing in climate change mitigation measures. The study also finds that if a carbon tax were imposed at 100,000 local currency (around US$5) per ton of carbon dioxide, over 60% of firms would be willing to invest less than 5% of their annual revenue in greenhouse gas mitigation; only less than 10% of the firms are willing to allocate more than 10% their revenue for greenhouse gas mitigation. The findings also show that larger firms and state-owned firms have a higher willingness to pay for emission mitigation measures. Given the small sample size and static preference approach, the findings should be interpreted as indicative rather than conclusive. Firm’s Preferences for Emissions Reducing Measures and Willingness to Pay for a Carbon Tax in Viet Nam Firm’s Preferences for Emissions Reducing Measures and Willingness to Pay for a Carbon Tax in Viet Nam 099222506022672608 English http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099222506022672608/null 40106125 World Bank Report English 210887 2026-06-01T04:00:00Z As Myanmar’s conflict enters its fifth year, designing effective employment interventions for displaced populations requires balancing humanitarian support with pathways to self reliance. This report focuses on transitional groups, those returning, resettling, or planning to return, who exhibit lower poverty and stronger employment outcomes compared to protracted internally displaced persons. It highlights three critical employment pathways: participation, productivity, and matching. High rates of labor force exclusion, especially among women due to care responsibilities and social norms, underscore the need for improved access to services, transport, and financial inclusion. Productivity is constrained by the dominance of low skill casual jobs, wage gaps, and limited access to relevant vocational training aligned with market demand. Matching challenges arise from information gaps, mobility restrictions, and mismatched wage expectations between workers and employers. The report recommends targeted interventions including skills upgrading, financial access expansion, mobility support, and localized job matching mechanisms to enhance livelihoods while sustaining humanitarian assistance. Designing Employment Interventions for Displaced Populations in Myanmar Designing Employment Interventions for Displaced Populations in Myanmar 099053026105076989 English http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099053026105076989/null 40106128 Sinha Roy, Sutirtha Zewdie, Mulugeta Al Asad, Musa Nozaki, Natsuko Kiso Report English 210885 2026-06-01T04:00:00Z Myanmar’s protracted conflict since February 2021 has intensified poverty, displacement, and humanitarian needs, demanding a dual approach that combines emergency assistance with interventions to promote self-reliance. This report examines pathways to strengthen livelihoods among displaced populations using evidence from the Livelihoods and Employment Opportunity Needs Assessment (LEONA), covering 14 states and regions. Applying a Participation-Productivity-Matching framework, it identifies key constraints and targeted solutions tailored to different displacement groups. Transitional populations, those with improving ties to host communities show better outcomes and are well positioned for livelihood interventions, while protracted IDPs remain highly vulnerable and dependent on aid. The findings highlight untapped human capital, limited access to formal finance, and barriers such as mobility restrictions, gender norms, and skills gaps. The report recommends investments in infrastructure, financial inclusion, vocational training aligned with market demand, and job-matching mechanisms to enhance productivity, expand employment opportunities, and support sustainable self-reliance alongside continued humanitarian support. Designing Employment Interventions for Displaced Populations in Myanmar Designing Employment Interventions for Displaced Populations in Myanmar 099053026105038742 English http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099053026105038742/null 40106304 de Nicola, Francesca Ragoussis, Alexandros Schmidt-Eisenlohr, Tim Tran, Trang Thu Policy Research Working Paper English WPS11404 2026-06-01T04:00:00Z Letters of credit are a key trade finance instrument that covers more than 10 percent of global trade, with a notably larger role in low- and middle-income economies. Studying detailed trade data from Viet Nam, this paper documents how the use of letters of credit varies with firm characteristics. The paper shows that the probability of using a letter of credit is systematically lower for younger, smaller, and foreign-owned trading firms. Importers that are less diversified or have less trading experience are more likely to use letters of credit. Firm characteristics have the strongest effects in markets where information is scarce and enforcement is weak. These patterns are consistent with a model in which the ability to screen trading partners and the cost of bank intermediation vary with firm characteristics, and where a firm’s screening ability and country institutions are substitutes. Any policy or intervention that aims at increasing the use of bank-intermediated trade finance will therefore need to take firm heterogeneity into account. Trade Finance Use by Heterogeneous Firms Trade Finance Use by Heterogeneous Firms 099456206012615782 English http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099456206012615782/null 40106104 Sang, Lê Minh Report English 210852 2026-06-01T04:00:00Z The report presents: pre-hospital emergency medical services (EMS) framework; pre-hospital emergency care capacity; pre-hospital EMS workers; ambulances; pre-hospital emergency transportation services; pre-hospital EMS dispatch capacity; pre-hospital EMS dispatchers; legal framework for pre-hospital EMS; policy and institutional framework for pre-hospital EMS; and recommendations. Pre-Hospital Emergency Medical Services in Viet Nam Pre-Hospital Emergency Medical Services in Viet Nam 099052926235035069 English http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099052926235035069/null 40106114 Le, Sang Minh Kim, Giang B?o Report English 210850 2026-05-31T04:00:00Z The study adopted a mixed-methods approach to: (i) describe the landscape of Artificial Intelligence (AI) adoption in medical schools in Viet Nam; (ii) analyze critical factors affecting the integration of AI in medical education; (iii) present key strategic actions areas to promote the integration of AI in medical education in Viet Nam. Overall, AI adoption among students and teachers is relatively high, with a large proportion reporting the use of AI-powered tools, particularly generative AI applications such as learning assistants. However, the integration of AI remains largely informal, fragmented, and concentrated in individual-level use cases rather than being systematically embedded into institutional teaching, clinical training, and educational management systems. The analysis of human factors reveals generally supportive attitudes for AI adoption. Students and teachers demonstrate positive attitudes and recognize the benefits of AI in improving learning efficiency, digital literacy, and research capacity. At the same time, important concerns persist regarding over-reliance on AI, reduced critical thinking, academic integrity, and the potential erosion of humanistic aspects of medical practice. From an organizational perspective, key barriers include the lack of structured AI training programs, limited integration of AI competencies into curricula, insufficient financial resources, and the absence of clear regulatory and ethical frameworks. Technological factors present a mixed picture with digital infrastructure providing a strong foundation but digital data underdevelopment and concerns about AI accuracy remain challenges. Advancing AI integration in medical education in Viet Nam requires a comprehensive and coordinated approach across human, organizational, and technological dimensions. Artificial Intelligence Integration in Medical Education : A Landscape with HOT Dimensions in Viet Nam - Implementation Study Artificial Intelligence Integration in Medical Education : A Landscape with HOT Dimensions in Viet Nam - Implementation Study 099052926235190196 English http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099052926235190196/null 40106058 World Bank Report English 210888 2026-05-31T04:00:00Z This report assesses opportunities to scale up Lao PDR’s Emission Reductions Program and expand participation in carbon markets, in response to government interest. Conducted in 2025, it evaluates the performance of the Governance, Forest Landscapes and Livelihoods program, analyzes drivers of deforestation, and examines the effectiveness of results-based payments. Covering six northern provinces, the program addresses significant deforestation pressures driven by agricultural expansion, shifting cultivation, illegal logging, and infrastructure development, alongside underlying governance and land tenure challenges. The program operates in a dynamic environment influenced by broader market forces. It is supported by results-based payments under the Emission Reduction Payment Agreement and complementary investments, including the GCF funded I GFLL project. Together, these financing streams enable participatory land use planning, community forestry, and climate smart livelihoods. The report highlights how coordinated funding and institutional strengthening can support sustained forest conservation and scalable emission reduction outcomes. Assessment of Lao PDR’s Emission Reduction Program and Options for Future Emission Reductions Results-based Programs Assessment of Lao PDR’s Emission Reduction Program and Options for Future Emission Reductions Results-based Programs 099052926161041486 English http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099052926161041486/null 40105398 World Bank Brief English 210782 2026-05-27T04:00:00Z Thailand’s economy performed better than expected in Q1, with GDP expanding by 2.8 percent year-on-year, although momentum began to soften as the Middle East conflict added new external pressures. Inflation rose to a 38-month high in April, driven by reduced diesel subsidies and elevated global energy prices, which pushed up domestic transport, food, and production costs. Goods exports remained strong and investment continued to expand, though tourism activity weakened sharply despite the Songkran holidays. The government approved an emergency loan decree and shifted toward more targeted relief alongside structural energy transition measures under its “5T” framework. The Bank of Thailand kept its policy rate unchanged, emphasizing that the current supply-driven inflation does not yet warrant tightening. Thailand Monthly Economic Monitor Thailand Monthly Economic Monitor 099624305272626766 English http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099624305272626766/null 40105528 World Bank Minutes English 210822 2026-05-26T04:00:00Z Record of Approval on an Absence of Objection Basis on May 26, 2026 Record of Approval on an Absence of Objection Basis on May 26, 2026 099052726150521254 English http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099052726150521254/null 40102364 Khan, Tehmina S. Dray, Sacha Samuel Jacques Nguyen, Thu-Ha Thi Phimmahasay, Keomanivone Report English 210318 2026-05-19T04:00:00Z Viet Nam entered 2026 in the strongest position of any economy in ASEAN. However, the Middle East conflict has exposed structural weaknesses in Viet Nam’s growth model. Although global headwinds will temper the pace of growth, the outlook for 2026 remains solid. Near-term risks are tilted to the downside, but more balanced in the medium term. The global oil shock sharpens the urgency of reforms. Viet Nam’s reform agenda is steering in the right direction but translating it into results - ensuring investments are productive, financing is adequate, and implementation keeps pace with ambition - will require sustained effort against an uncertain external backdrop. Done well, however, this moment opens a genuine opportunity to build a virtuous cycle of rising investor confidence, private investment, growth, and resilience. This demands a fundamental shift in the growth model - from factor accumulation and bank-led finance toward productivity driven growth, deeper capital markets, and higher quality FDI with stronger domestic spillovers. This shift is also Viet Nam's clearest path to more and better jobs, a stronger domestic private economy, and entry into the ranks of high-income countries. Viet Nam Economic Update : Sustaining Reforms, Navigating Uncertainty Viet Nam Economic Update : Sustaining Reforms, Navigating Uncertainty 099740005122628080 English http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099740005122628080/null 40099018 World Bank Country Climate and Development Report English 209801 2026-05-18T04:00:00Z This Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) for Malaysia highlights the importance of aligning development goals with climate objectives. As the country aims to transition to high-income status by 2030, it is crucial to address the challenges posed by climate change. This report emphasizes the criticality of integrating resilient and sustainable practices into the nation’s growth strategy. Achieving this will not only ensure long-term economic stability, it will also bolster Malaysia’s ability to withstand and adapt to climate-related impacts. Malaysia faces a dual challenge: attaining high-income status, while transitioning to a low-carbon, climate-resilient economy. While the shift from an agrarian economy to a manufacturing and service-driven one has brought substantial economic gains, it has also introduced environmental stresses. High energy demand, primarily met by fossil fuels, has led to significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Urban expansion and industrial growth have placed pressure on land and ecosystems. Balancing continued progress with sustainable stewardship is essential for Malaysia’s future resilience and prosperity. This CCDR offers analysis and guidance on how Malaysia can pursue resilient and sustained growth, while addressing the dynamically evolving climate change crisis. With macro modeling and sectoral analysis, it identifies major climate challenges, estimates potential impacts of climate risks on economic development, and provides tailored policy recommendations. Malaysia - Country Climate and Development Report Malaysia - Country Climate and Development Report 099042326042519641 English http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099042326042519641/null 40099223 World Bank Country Climate and Development Report English 209801 2026-05-18T04:00:00Z This Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) for Malaysia highlights the importance of aligning development goals with climate objectives. As the country aims to transition to high-income status by 2030, it is crucial to address the challenges posed by climate change. This report emphasizes the criticality of integrating resilient and sustainable practices into the nation’s growth strategy. Achieving this will not only ensure long-term economic stability, it will also bolster Malaysia’s ability to withstand and adapt to climate-related impacts. Malaysia faces a dual challenge: attaining high-income status, while transitioning to a low-carbon, climate-resilient economy. While the shift from an agrarian economy to a manufacturing and service-driven one has brought substantial economic gains, it has also introduced environmental stresses. High energy demand, primarily met by fossil fuels, has led to significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Urban expansion and industrial growth have placed pressure on land and ecosystems. Balancing continued progress with sustainable stewardship is essential for Malaysia’s future resilience and prosperity. This CCDR offers analysis and guidance on how Malaysia can pursue resilient and sustained growth, while addressing the dynamically evolving climate change crisis. With macro modeling and sectoral analysis, it identifies major climate challenges, estimates potential impacts of climate risks on economic development, and provides tailored policy recommendations. Malaysia - Country Climate and Development Report : Overview Malaysia - Country Climate and Development Report : Overview 099042426051039960 English http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099042426051039960/null 40102025 World Bank Report English 210250 2026-05-14T04:00:00Z Financing Universal Health Coverage in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR): A Health Public Expenditure and Institutional Review examines how the Lao PDR finances its health sector and how public institutions translate resources into services, at a time when progress toward universal health coverage is under strain from tightening fiscal space, sharp currency depreciation, declining external assistance, and a rising burden of noncommunicable diseases. The report finds that domestic government health expenditure stood at only $11 per capita in 2023, among the lowest globally and well below the lower-middle-income country average, while out-of-pocket payments remain the single largest source of health financing and service utilization has declined. Drawing on government administrative and financial data, household surveys, national health accounts, and international benchmarks, the review offers a coherent three-pillar reform package: mobilizing more predictable domestic resources for health, including through a roadmap to raise health’s share of government spending to 9 percent by 2030 and strengthened health taxes; improving efficiency by re-centering service delivery on primary health care, strengthening strategic purchasing through the National Health Insurance system, and actively steering the public-private mix, especially for medicines; and fixing the last-mile public financial management and digital constraints that prevent approved budgets from reaching facilities on time. Implemented together, these reforms can help public funds reach frontline providers predictably, reduce financial hardship for households, and sustain equitable gains in coverage, quality, and resilience, particularly for poor and remote communities. Financing Universal Health Coverage in the Lao PDR : A Health Public Expenditure and Institutional Review Financing Universal Health Coverage in the Lao PDR : A Health Public Expenditure and Institutional Review 099051026100524586 English http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099051026100524586/null 40102994 World Bank Calice, Pietro Report English 210423 2026-05-14T04:00:00Z This paper examines how the design of credit guarantee schemes for small and medium enterprises affects their performance and policy impact. It draws on a new global survey of 108 credit guarantee institutions in 74 countries, providing the most extensive cross-country dataset to date on governance arrangements, funding models, risk management, and evaluation practices. The analysis shows that performance drivers differ systematically across four dimensions—market reach, leverage, portfolio quality, and financial sustainability. Market reach is largely shaped by country fundamentals, especially financial depth, while portfolio risk reflects both banking-sector conditions and scheme-level choices: default rates tend to be higher in more highly leveraged schemes and lower where governance is stronger and funding more diversified. By contrast, leverage and financial sustainability are mainly determined by institutional design: schemes with robust governance structures, diversified and predictable funding, and active risk-mitigation instruments operate with higher but more controlled leverage and more developed financial sustainability practices. The findings suggest that policy frameworks should benchmark scale and baseline portfolio quality against country conditions, while using regulatory and supervisory tools to enforce minimum standards for governance, funding architecture, risk management, transparency, and impact evaluation. Strengthening these design features is essential to ensure that credit guarantee schemes deliver additional, financially sustainable support to SME finance rather than merely reallocating risks within the financial system. Global Anatomy of Credit Guarantee Schemes: Design Patterns, Performance Drivers, and Policy Implication Global Anatomy of Credit Guarantee Schemes: Design Patterns, Performance Drivers, and Policy Implication 099051426080036076 English http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099051426080036076/null 40100710 Buchhave, Helle Nguyen, Cuong Viet Vu, Cuong Nguyen, Giang Tam Zumbyte, Ieva Working Paper English 210042 2026-05-01T04:00:00Z Over the past three decades, Viet Nam has achieved one of the most remarkable economic transformations in the world—lifting millions out of poverty and becoming a leading manufacturing and export hub. The ambition now is to reach high-income status by 2045. Women have been central to that journey, and sustaining their participation will be central to what comes next. Care for Growth : Making Industrial Jobs Work for Women in Viet Nam - Policy Summary Note Care for Growth : Making Industrial Jobs Work for Women in Viet Nam - Policy Summary Note 099050126141542833 English http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099050126141542833/null 40097639 World Bank Board Report English 209624 2026-05-01T04:00:00Z Both external and overall public debt in Nepal are assessed to be at low risk of debt distress, unchanged from last year’s Debt Sustainability Analysis (DSA).1 While the present value (PV) of the external debt-to-exports ratio breaches the indicative threshold under a combined shock scenario—mechanically suggesting a moderate risk rating—staff judgment is applied, as in the previous DSA, to override the mechanical signal given Nepal’s exceptionally high remittances inflows. Remittances, which amount to more than three times the value of exports, constitute the primary source of foreign exchange earnings and render the debt-to-exports ratio a less relevant indicator of debt distress in Nepal’s case. Together with predominantly concessional external financing, they support the country to maintain an adequate level of reserves and meet its debt obligations despite a sizeable trade deficit. All other external and public debt risk indicators remain below their respective indicative thresholds across all stress-tests. Public debt stood at 48.1 percent of GDP in FY2024/25, lower than projected in last year’s DSA. This better-than-expected outcome reflects primary expenditure control, and an improvement in the negative Treasury Single Account (TSA) balance, despite an increase in the net acquisition of financial assets. Looking ahead, public debt is projected to peak at 49.6 percent of GDP in FY2025/26 before gradually declining over the medium term. This trajectory is predicated on sustained fiscal consolidation—as envisaged under the ECF-supported program and reaffirmed in the FY2025/26 budget—including reforms to mobilize domestic revenue. Structural reforms will also be essential to support debt sustainability over the medium term. These include measures to diversify exports, enhance productivity and competitiveness, and strengthen resilience to shocks, particularly those related to natural disasters.. Nepal - Joint World Bank-IMF Debt Sustainability Analysis Nepal - Joint World Bank-IMF Debt Sustainability Analysis 099041526124025967 English http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099041526124025967/null 40102625 World Bank Report English 210358 2026-04-30T04:00:00Z Despite a challenging external environment, Malaysia’s growth outperformed projections in the second half of 2025, lifting full-year growth to 5.2 percent. The government achieved a better-than-estimated fiscal deficit at 3.7 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) last year, against its initial target of 3.8 percent, helped by stronger revenues despite continued spending pressures. While household incomes have recovered strongly and more inclusively, spatial disparities remain pronounced. Jobs - the special focus of this edition - are central to achieving the Malaysian Government’s objectives of raising the ceiling (productivity gains in the economy) and raising the floor (improving living standards of the Rakyat). While Malaysia has achieved steady gains in education, employment, and incomes over the past two decades, real wage growth has lagged GDP growth and remained modest relative to rising aspirations and skills. This special issue argues that to address this, the jobs agenda must be understood as a productivity agenda. These challenges are rooted in a business environment that limits firm entry, exit, and expansion. Malaysia has begun to address these constraints through regulatory, skills, and institutional reforms, but progress remains uneven. Malaysia Economic Monitor : Raising the Ceiling, Raising the Floor - The Jobs Agenda as a Productivity Agenda Malaysia Economic Monitor : Raising the Ceiling, Raising the Floor - The Jobs Agenda as a Productivity Agenda 099051226192580550 English http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099051226192580550/null 40100087 World Bank Report English 209939 2026-04-29T04:00:00Z Malaysia has seen sharp increases in Medical and Health Insurance/Takaful (MHIT) premiums in recent years, elevating affordability concerns and prompting a broad policy response. This report provides an empirical assessment of cost drivers in MHIT claims from 2022 to 2024. The central claims database consolidates claims submitted by licensed insurers and takaful operators and includes financial fields, clinical and administrative information. Using regression-based models, the analysis estimates service-level medical inflation by constructing price indices for comparable baskets of services. The report then decomposes spending growth into price, volume, intensity and setting-mix components to shed light on the channels driving up costs in MHIT. Finally, the report analyses selected efficiency measures to identify areas for immediate improvements. Cost Drivers in Malaysia’s Medical and Health Insurance and Takaful Sector : A First Look at the Centralized Claims Database Cost Drivers in Malaysia’s Medical and Health Insurance and Takaful Sector : A First Look at the Centralized Claims Database 099042926035539735 English http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099042926035539735/null 1585 1459 968 852 533 479 257 251 161 148 141 86 82 68 67 66 65 63 62 57 57 50 43 41 35 33 27 26 24 22 21 19 19 18 17 17 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 13 13 12 12 11 11 11 11 11 10 10 10 9 9 8 8 8 8 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 8553 1162 1071 1021 970 944 903 741 464 1809 1671 1282 1261 1172 1149 1106 1039 1037 907 904 815 767 744 719 705 618 571 552 535 436 391 356 352 251 235 79 71 19